In this episode, Dr. Michael Youssef surveys the three major waves of jihad in world history—the early Caliphal expansion, the Ottoman rise and decline, and the broader dynamics of religious conflict and power. We examine the historical contexts, key battles, and the lasting impact these periods have had on global history and interfaith relations. This analysis aims to provide a factual, balanced look at complex historical developments, inviting thoughtful discussion and critical evaluation of sources and narratives.